Create Stream Line Network Using Digital Elevation Model in ArcMap

When we need to find out the Stream line using DEM, first of all we have to find out the flow direction. For this we can use Flow Direction Tool in the ArcGIS. This tool determine the direction of flow from every cell in the raster.

Following is the mechanism use in Flow Direction

maximum_drop = change_in_z-value / distance * 100

Step 1,

ArcToolbox - Spatial Analyst Tools - Hydrology - Flow Direction

Step 2,

Add your Raster file as  input

Step 3,

Once we have the Flow Direction, then we have to identify the Flow Accumulation. Flow Accumulation is a measurement of the amount of water accumulated in overland flow over a surface. For this we can use Flow Accumulation Tool in ArcMap.

ArcToolbox - Spatial Analyst Tools - Hydrology - Flow Accumulation

Step 4,

Select Flow Direction output as Input, Select "Integer" as Output Data type

Step 5, 

As a result we will get number of stream lines, therefore we have to filter the number of stream lines. For this we can use "Con" tool in the ArcGIS. The "Con"tool allows you to control the output value for each cell based on whether the cell value is evaluated as true or false in a specified conditional statement.

ArcToolbox - Spatial Analyst Tools - Conditional - Con

Select Flow Accumulation output as Input and then enter your Expression,

(I have used Value >= 1000 here)

Step 6,

Now we have to create the Stream Link, for this we can use "Stream Link"

Tool in the ArcGIS

ArcToolbox - Spatial Analyst Tools - Hydrology - Stream Link

Select Con output as the Input and Flow Direction also,

Step 7,

Now we have to create feature data set for this Stream line for our GIS

Operations. for that we can use Stream to Feature tool in ArcGIS.

ArcToolbox - Spatial Analyst Tools - Hydrology - Stream to Feature

Now you have a feature data set of your Stream Network. You can remove the

small stream lines by using Select by Attribute option in the Attribute table. 

Lay your Stream Network top of your DEM, you can sea how the stream line

flow according to elevation of the surface.

Terrain to Raster

Creating Raster by using Terrain 

Step 1,

Open Terrain model using ArcMap

 (Use this link for creating new terrain http://effective-gis.blogspot.com/2013/12/create-digital-terrain-model.html)

Step 2,

Go to ArcToolbox - 3D Analyst Tools - Conversion - From Terrain - Terrain to Raster

Step 3,

Use your Terrain as "Input Terrain" change "Sampling Distance " as you required...

Step 4,

Press "OK"

Step 5,

You can change the colors using Symbology 

How to Convert OpenStreetMap data (.gpx) in to Shapefile (ESRI)

When we needs to add OpenStreetMap data (.gpx) data into ArcMap we have to convert it into Shapefiles where we have to use different converters to do so, Here I have used simplest way to convert OpenStreetMap data (.gpx) data into ESRI Shapefile by opening OpenStreetMap data (.gpx) data through  QGIS.

Step 1,

Open QGIS

Step 2,

then go to Layers - Add Vector Layer

Step 3,

Brows to your OpenStreetMap data (.gpx) and select file type as 'All Files',

Step 4, 

Select vector layer you wants to add (In this case I have used routes)

Step 5,

You can see your downloaded road network.

Step 6,

 Right click on your layer - Save as - ESRI Shapefile 

Step 7,

Select Coordinate system you need

Step 8,

Open ArcMap - Add layer

Step 9,

Even if you open the attribute table you can find the Road names...

How to download Road layers from OpenStreetMap (OSM)

When we need a updated road layers we can easily download from OSM by using JOSM (Java (OpenStreetMap Editor ).

Step 1,
Open JOSM - File - New Layer

Step 2,
Imagery (Select imagery you need to download Road Network)

Step 3,

File - Download from OSM

Step 4,

Draw a box in area where you need to download Road Network. Then press 'Download'.

Step 5,

Save your layer

Range Fan

This Range fan shows areas that are within the reach of any weapons system under ideal conditions. The tool will accept multiple input locations, and will create a range fan for each input point. This tool is helpful for evaluating placement of weapon systems.

Step 1,
Open ArcMap
Visibility and Range Tools - Visibility Toolset - Range Fan

Step 2- 

Enter values according to your weapon's specifications. 

Step 3-

Press 'OK'

Linear Line Of Sight

Linear Line Of Sight tool to determine visibility between observers and targets. The analysis can be apply in an urban setting area, Military bases, etc… which includes buildings, walls, and other structures. The Linear Line Of Sight tool will use the features representing these structures to identify obstructions between the observer and targets.

Step 1,

Open ArcMap and add base map and a obstructions layer. (you can create your own Obstruction layer )

Step 2, 

Visibility and Range Tools - Visibility Toolset - Liner line of sight 

Step 3,

Using Editor Tool bar we can mark observers point. 

Step 4

Then we have to mark targets

Step 5,

Change the symbols of observer and the targets  if required. 

Step 6

We can change the obstruction's height, target height and even observers height by using attribute tables of each layers. 

Step 6

Select your surface as "Input surface", as a "Input obstruction Features" select obstruction layer. As a output give a any name you like....

Step 7

 press "OK".

The lines are colored green and red to correspond to the part of the line that is visible (green) and not visible (red) to the observer.Note that at this scale, buildings, not the terrain, are the primary reason for the observer not being able to see the targets.